what are the types of wheel in automobile? advantage and disadvantage

Introduction:

Most of the standard wheels are made from steel.

Some vehicles have alloy wheels, made from magnesium or aluminum.

The wheel rim holds the tyre.

Wheels along with the tyre has to take the vehicle load, provide a cushioning effect and cope with the steering control.

A wheel is a circular component rotate on an axle bearing .

The wheel is one of the main components of the vehicles.

The power developed by the engine has been transferred through the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft and the differential to the rear axle, wheels are connected to the rear axle.

As the rear axle turns, wheels also turns and the vehicle moves on the road.

Various requirement of an automobile Wheels:

Strong enough to perform the required functions.

Balanced both statically and dynamically.

Easy to remove.

Light in weight, so that the un-sprung weight is least.

Easy to clean, easy to wash and be of good quality.

Must be given suitable protective treatment.

Must be of maximum strength to take the weight road shocks, driving torque and must be able to compensate all types of load varying in magnitude and direction.

Must be strong enough to resist local deformation or when it hits a road kerb or any other obstacle.

The wheels not only support the weight of the vehicle, but also protect it from road shocks.

All the four wheels must resist the braking stresses and withstand side thrust.

RIMS:

The rim is the “outer edge of a wheel, holding the tire.

It makes up the outer circular design of the wheel on which the inside edge of the tire is mounted.

For example, in a bicycle wheel the rim is a large hoop attached to the outer ends of the spokes of the wheel that holds the tire and tube.

Types of Wheels:

1. Pressed Steel Disc Type Wheels.

2. Wheels With Steel wire Spokes.

3. Light Alloy Casting Wheels.

4. Split Wheels.

5. Heavy Vehicle Wheels.

1. PRESSED STEEL DISC TYPE WHEELS:

Most popular and most used types of wheels.

Strong, light, stiff and resistant to accidental damage.

Can be manufacture in mass at a very economical low cost.

This type of wheel consists of a steel rim and a pressed steel disc. The rim is a rolled section, sometimes riveted but usually welded to the flange of the disc.

The disc performs the functions of spokes. The disc is frequently dished to bring the point of ground contact under the large wheel bearing.

The wheel assembly is bolted to the brake drum. This disc is having the slots near the rim, which acts as a fan to blow air on the brakes.

A hole in the rim serves to accommodate tube valve.

This type of wheel is simple, cheaper and robust in construction.

This type of wheels are commonly used in cars, buses, trucks and tractors.

2. WHEELS WITH STEEL-WIRE SPOKES:

Oldest in design but remained in use largely because of light weight and strong construction but costly.

Much stronger in tension and transmit all the forces to the rim.

Spoke has very little resistance to the bending and fastened so that complex loads coming on the wheels are resolved into tensile load and distributed among the adequate number of spokes.

The stress and loads faced by such type of wheels are very complex and more critical.

More often the spokes have different sets to take the acceleration, braking and weight forces.

Also able to take the side thrust during cornering by having a triangular pattern.

It consists of a separate hub connected to the rim with a number of wires.

The headed inner ends of the spokes fit in the hub holes and the threaded outer ends fit in the rim holes, nuts are screwed through the rim holes to tighten the spokes.

All the spokes must be of correct length and at correct tension to hold the rim, centrally around the hub.

The spokes are not kept straight, but alternate spokes are screwed to slope forwards and backwards towards the rim.

The forward sloping spokes absorb braking torque and the rearward sloping spokes convey driving torque.

The holes in the hub are arranged in the inner and outer rows so that one set of spokes slopes towards to the rim from the outer row of the hub and the other set slopes outward to the rim from inner row of hub.

These sideways inclinations of the spokes hold the wheel upright against cornering loads and side thrusts.

The tension of the spokes may be tested, when the wheel is free of load.

It allows free circulation of air around the brake drum.

They are lighter in weight than pressed steel disc type wheels and used in light motor vehicles such as racing cars, scooters and motor cycles.

3. LIGHT ALLOY CASTING WHEELS.

Made from casting of light alloys of aluminum and magnesium.

It consists of wide rims and radial ribs, which act as angled spokes to provide strength and air circulation.

Construction avoids any sharp lines and angles to improve strength.

Specially use in racing car.

Light in weight.

Heavier sections can be used to improve the stiffness of the wheel and result in better stress distribution.

Rims with larger area can be used, that’s why in racing car since the lower center of gravity and wider tyres result in better road grip particularly during cornering.

Better conductor of heat and hence heat dissipation from tyres and brakes is improved.

Only corrosion is the main problem, chemically sensitive to salt spray and need regular checking and inspection for corrosion.

4. SPLIT WHEEL:

The split wheel is made in the from of two dishes which fit back to back and are clamped by a separate outer ring of studs and nuts.

The flanges of the disc give a seating for tyre and clamp on the beads.

A thick section rubber ring is fitted in the gap b/w two beads. The main advantage of split wheel is that it may be easily taken out from the vehicle by unscrewing the nuts and separating the two disc.

5. HEAVY VEHICLE WHEEL:

The wheel are made in same way as the disc wheels but having much thicker plate is used.

To lighten the wheel and also to increase air flow to the brake drum, large holes are made around the disc.

The wheel nut recesses are usually machined instead of being embossed.

In the case of twin rear wheel, the inner wheel may have a longer valve stem to reach through the outer wheel for ease of inflation and pressure check.

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0 thoughts on “what are the types of wheel in automobile? advantage and disadvantage”

Unknown
June 20, 2021 at 5:23 PM

Nice article keep posting

Arbica Mriea
December 15, 2022 at 12:53 PM

Thanks for sharing this blog it is very informative. Keep uploading more information. If anyone needs more information about wheel style also check out tyres in Adelaide .

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